I hooked up a WordPress blog to authenticate via ASP.NET. It's wicked, I tell you! After hacking through the WordPress source code, the integration was quick and easy from both the PHP and ASP.NET sides. The purpose of the integration was to deal with differences in hash algorithms, so we wouldn't have to create user accounts with completely different passwords.
We still would have to build a component on the ASP.NET side to push profile changes and new user accounts into WordPress. I'm wondering if MS SQL Server can connect to MySQL and update the data from within a trigger.